Geographically the townships and municipalities that make up the area are Haparanda, Övertorneå, Pajala and Kiruna in Sweden, and Tornio, Ylitornio, Pello, Kolari, Muonio and Enontekiö in Finland.
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By measuring the length of the arc, Maupertuis' team was able to prove that the Earth is, indeed, flattened at the poles as sir Isaac Newton had predicted.
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The Tornedalians are descendants of Scandinavian and Fennoscandian Finnic Kvens as well as Finns who at some point in history settled to the area of today's Northern Sweden and the Torne Valley region near the present-day Swedish-Finnish border and west from there.