Agitation increased with the publication of David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829, Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831 and Andrew Jackson's handling of the nullification crisis that same year.
At first, almost all the slaves resisted in one way or another, notable persons being Gabriel Prosser & Nat Turner.
In 1831, the town became famous as the site of the trials and subsequent executions of Nat Turner and those involved in the Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion of 1831.
Prior to the Civil War, and following the slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in 1831, Virginia law had been changed to prohibit the education of slaves.
The house was the last house during the Nat Turner's slave rebellion of August 21 through 23, 1831, at which Nat Turner and his followers murdered residents during their rampage through the southwestern portion of Southampton County.
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White's best known work is The Contribution of the Negro to American Democracy, a mural at Hampton University depicting a number of notable blacks including Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner, Peter Salem, George Washington Carver, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Marian Anderson.
Martin and his wife Joanne opened the museum on July 9, 1983, with only four wax figures: Frederick Douglass, Mary McLeod Bethune, Harriet Tubman, and Nat Turner.
In the nineteenth century, slave revolts such as the Haitian Revolution and especially the 1831 rebellion led by Nat Turner increased slaveholder fears, and most southern states passed laws making manumission nearly impossible until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery after the American Civil War in 1866.