Jürgen Schmidhuber (1992) re-formulated the problem in terms of predictors and binary feature detectors, each receiving the raw data as an input.
Jürgen Habermas | Jürgen Klinsmann | Jürgen Prochnow | Jürgen Möllemann | Jürgen Budday | Jürgen von Beckerath | Jürgen Vogel | Jürgen Schult | Jürgen Rüttgers | Jürgen Chrobog | Jürgen Ahrend | Jürgen Steinmetz | Jürgen Schmidhuber | Hans-Jürgen Syberberg | Hans-Jürgen Papier | Jürgen Trittin | Jürgen Straub | Jürgen Stark | Jürgen Schadeberg | Jürgen Rohwer | Jürgen Osterhammel | Jürgen Haffer | Jürgen Cain Külbel | Jürgen Bartsch | Jürgen Aschoff | Jürgen Alzen | Hans-Jürgen von Arnim | Hans-Jürgen Stumpff | Hans-Jürgen Bäumler | Bernd Jürgen Fischer |
Various methods for doing so were developed in the 1980s and early 1990s by Paul Werbos, Ronald J. Williams, Tony Robinson, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Barak Pearlmutter, and others.