The station derives its name from the adjacent Piazza del Principe (In Italian literally "plaza of the prince"), located next to the Palazzo del Principe (literally "palace of the prince") adjacent to the street called Via Andrea Doria in the Fassolo neighbourhood.
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On 15 May 1916, the station was electrified at 3,300 V AC three-phase at 15 Hz.
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Around the station are the termini of several bus lines of the Genoa public transport undertaking (Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti, AMT), the Ferrovia Principe-Granarolo cog railway and the Ascensore Castello d'Albertis-Montegalletto lift and has an hourly bus connection with the airport via the Christopher Columbus Volabus service.
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Opened in 1872, it forms part of the Genoa–Ventimiglia railway, and is situated just over two thirds along the way from Genoa towards Ventimiglia.
On 25 July 1872 with the opening of the connecting tunnel between Genova Brignole and Genova Piazza Principe The section of line to Sestri Levante was no longer isolated and was connected over the Apennines but especially to the line to Ventimiglia, which had been completed on 25 January 1872.
Within walking distance of the station are the stops served by the Volabus, the AMT fast bus link between the Genova Piazza Principe railway station and Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.