Conservatives, and many in the Mexican nobility, tried to revive the monarchical form of government (see: First Mexican Empire) when they helped to bring to Mexico an archduke from the Royal House of Austria, Maximilian Ferdinand, or Maximilian I, who was married to Charlotte of Belgium, who changed her name to Carlota when she and Maximillian were sent to Trieste.
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When Agnes and Felix arrived in Mexico City, the French troops under François Achille Bazaine were leaving, being recalled to Europe to fight against the Prussians.
The building was slightly damaged during the French intervention in Mexico, repaired, and was designated a cathedral on 23 June 1891, with the erection of the Chihuahua diocese from the Diocese of Durango.
Billot participated in the Mexico expedition (1861–1867) : commandant of the state of Chihuahua then of Querétaro with the rank of chef d'escadrons (1863, he was mentioned 7 times in dispatches and received the cross of an officer of the légion d'honneur in 1867.
Prince Napoléon Charles served in the French Army and saw action during the French intervention in Mexico and the Franco-Prussian War the latter of which resulted in the downfall of the Second French Empire of his cousin Emperor Napoléon III.