Modena | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Duchy of Brabant | Duchy of Saxony | Duchy of Carinthia | Duchy of Burgundy | Duchy of Cornwall | Grand Duchy of Hesse | Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Duchy of Parma | Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | Stefano Modena | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Prussia | Duchy of Jülich | Lorraine (duchy) | Grand Duchy of Baden | Duchy of Milan | Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Duchy of Lancaster | Duchy of Holstein | Duchy of Savoy | Duchy of Nassau | Duchy of Limburg | Duchy of Württemberg | Duchy of Pomerania | Duchy of Luxembourg | Grand Duchy of Oldenburg | Duchy of Spoleto | Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella.
For Francesco d’Este, who, with the loss of the Este seat of Ferrara to the Papal States, concentrated his patronage in his Duchy of Modena, Rainaldi contributed to the construction of the Ducal Palace to supplant the ancient castello, and was in particular charged with the layout and elaborate hydraulics of its gardens, with giochi di acque and a theater clipped in green hedges, 1631-34 (Roganti).
On 10 November 1684 in the Castle of Racconigi, Emmanuel Philibert, by now in his fifties, married Maria Angela Caterina d'Este, the beautiful daughter of the late General Borso d'Este, marquis of Scandiano, the collateral branch of the duchy of Modena, and Ippolita d'Este.